di Jake Johnson, da Common Dreams, 16 febbraio 2022
Una nuova analisi pubblicata mercoledì dalla People’s Vaccine Alliance [composta da circa 100 organizzazioni tra cui African Alliance, Christian Aid, Oxfam, Public Services International e UNAIDS, ndt] mostra che entro la fine di febbraio, l’Unione Europea (UE) dovrà distruggere quasi il doppio delle dosi di vaccino contro il coronavirus che ha dato all’Africa finora quest’anno.
Citando i dati di Airfinity [un sito internazionale di notizie e analisi sanitarie], l’Alleanza nota che 55 milioni di dosi di vaccino contro il coronavirus dell’UE saranno scadute entro la fine del mese. Dall’inizio dell’anno, l’Unione Europea, il più grande esportatore mondiale di vaccino Covid-19, ha donato circa 30 milioni di dosi all’Africa, dove solo l’11% della popolazione adulta è completamente vaccinata a due anni dalla mortale pandemia globale.
La People’s Vaccine Alliance presenta anche dati che mostrano che 204 milioni di persone che vivono nei paesi dell’UE hanno ricevuto i richiami, mentre solo 151 milioni di persone in Africa sono state completamente vaccinate.
“Il presidente della Commissione europea, Ursula von der Leyen, ha detto all’inizio della pandemia che il vaccino dovrebbe essere un bene pubblico globale”, ha ricordato Joab Okanda, responsabile per l’Africa della ONG Christian Aid, in una dichiarazione mercoledì 16 febbraio. “Eppure, invece, ha fatto in modo che fosse un’opportunità di profitto privato, accumulando miliardi per Big Pharma e l’UE, mentre quasi nove persone su dieci in Africa non sono completamente vaccinate… Questa è una vergogna”, ha detto Joab Okanda.
La nuova analisi della People’s Vaccine Alliance è stata rilasciata un giorno prima dell’inizio del sesto vertice Unione Europea-Unione Africana a Bruxelles giovedì 17 febbraio, un incontro che arriva mentre i leader europei e africani rimangono bloccati in una tesa disputa sull’opportunità di sospendere le protezioni della proprietà intellettuale per i vaccini e i trattamenti per il coronavirus.
Secondo AfricaNews, Joe Biden e persino Emmanuel Macron hanno mostrato segni di apertura l’anno scorso, ma la porta si è chiusa molto rapidamente. Appena lunedì 14 febbraio, Franck Riester, il ministro francese del commercio estero, ha dichiarato a nome degli europei che non si tratta di “rimettere in discussione un sistema di proprietà intellettuale che permette l’innovazione, che ha permesso, in particolare, di avere molto rapidamente un vaccino per l’umanità contro il Covid-19”.
L’Unione africana ha espresso il suo sostegno per una deroga temporanea al brevetto e per gli sforzi di trasferimento tecnologico per permettere ai paesi a basso reddito di produrre vaccini generici Covid-19 per le loro popolazioni. Ma per più di un anno, l’Unione Europea ha bloccato la proposta di esenzione dei brevetti del Sudafrica e dell’India all’Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio (WTO), facendo infuriare i leader africani che dicono che l’Europa sta istituendo un sistema di “apartheid dei vaccini”.
“Hanno fatto incetta di vaccini, hanno ordinato più vaccini di quelli di cui la loro gente ha bisogno”, ha detto delle nazioni europee nel dicembre 2021 il presidente sudafricano Cyril Ramaphosa. “L’avidità che hanno mostrato è stata deludente, soprattutto quando dicono di essere nostri partner”.
L’Agence France-Presse (AFP) ha riferito martedì che l’Unione africana sta cercando di imporre una richiesta di rinuncia al brevetto nel documento finale del vertice di Bruxelles, ma lo sforzo è contrastato da importanti paesi membri della UE come la Germania, sede del partner di Pfizer per il vaccino contro il coronavirus BioNTech. “L’Unione africana… esorta l’Unione europea a impegnarsi in modo costruttivo verso la conclusione di una rinuncia mirata e limitata nel tempo”, si legge in una proposta africana a cui l’AFP è potuta accedere.
In assenza di una deroga sui brevetti e sulle tecniche di produzione, i paesi africani sono stati costretti a fare affidamento sulla carità dei paesi ricchi per i vaccini – un accordo che ha avuto una serie di gravi problemi, tra cui l’arrivo di dosi vicino alla loro data di scadenza.
A novembre, la Nigeria è stata costretta a smaltire centinaia di migliaia di dosi di vaccino inutilizzate arrivate dall’Europa poche settimane prima della loro data di scadenza.
Sani Baba Mohammed, segretario regionale per l’Africa e i paesi arabi di Public Services International (la PSI, la federazione internazionale dei sindacati delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori dei servizi pubblici), ha detto in una dichiarazione di mercoledì che “è incoraggiante che l’Unione africana stia tenendo testa all’UE e chieda che un riferimento alla rinuncia all’accordo TRIPs (i Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, gli Accordi sui diritti di proprietà intellettuale) sia incluso nel documento finale del summit.
“L’UE sostiene di promuovere una ‘prospera partnership di eguali’ con l’Unione Africana – eppure butta via più dosi di vaccini di quante ne dia a noi, mentre continua a bloccare la revoca dei brevetti sui vaccini che ci permetterebbe di produrre i nostri vaccini”, ha detto Sani Baba Mohammed. “Che cosa significa questo?”.
“Questo apartheid vaccinale – perpetuato dall’UE – ha un costo umano brutale”, continua Sani Baba Mohammed. “I nostri mezzi di sussistenza continuano ad essere distrutti, le nostre economie distrutte, i nostri operatori sanitari spinti al limite… Abbiamo bisogno dell’esenzione TRIPS ora e l’UE deve smettere di opporsi”.
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